T.C.
TARIM ve KÖYİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI
Koruma ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü
Communiqué of Method of Sampling From Condenced Milk and Milk Powder 
Authorization Law: Turkish Food Codex
The Official Gazette: 20.03.2002-24701
Communication No : 2002/15
Objective
Article 1- The objective of this Communiqué is to determine sampling methods for chemical analysis of milk and milk powders condenced by partially or completely removing water content as indicated in “Communiqué of Condenced Milk and Milk Powder” published in Official Gazette dated 29/12/2001, numbered 24625.
Scope
Article 2- This Communiqué covers sampling methods for chemical analysis of milk and milk powders condenced by partially or completely removing water as indicated in “Communiqué of Condenced Milk and Milk Powder”.
Legal basis
Article 3- This Communiqué has been prepared in accordance with Turkish Food Codex Regulation published in the Official Gazette dated 16/11/1997, reiterated no.23172.
Sampling Methods and Probes
Article 4- Sampling methods for chemical analysis of condenced milk products and the probes to be used should be applied as follows in accordance with the general principles of Annex-1:
a) Sampling from the condenced high fat milk, condenced whole milk, condenced semi skimmed milk, condenced skimmed milk, sweetened condenced milk, sweetened condenced semi skimmed milk, sweetened condenced skimmed milk and skimmed milk is made according to method 1 of Annex-II .
b) Sampling from the high fat milk powder, whole milk powder, semi skimmed milk powder, skimmed milk powder is determined according to method 2 of Annex-II
c) Sampling probes used in sampling from partially or completely condenced milk products should comply with 2nd section of Annex II.
Compliance with European Union
Article 5- This Communiqué has been prepared within the framework of comliance with the European Union considering to the Commission Directive 87/524 EEC on “Methods of Sampling from Condenced Milks”.
Provisional Article-1 Presently active establishments using the sampling methods covered in this Communiqué are obliged to obey the provisions of this Communiqué within 1 year.
Enforcement
Article 6- This Communiqué enters into force on the date of publication.
Execution
Article 7- The provisions of this Communiqué are executed by Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Minister of Health.
ANNEX-1
General Principles
1. Administrative procedures
1.1. Person to take sample
Sampling procedure is carried by an authorized and expert person,
1.2. Sealing and labeling of the samples,
Samples taken for official control are duly sealed and labeled on site.
1.3. Replicate samples
At least two samples in similar specifications should be taken and sent immediately to the laboratory.
1.4. Minutes
Samples should be sent together with a minutes.
2. Sampling tools
2.1. Properties
Sampling tools should be in sufficient endurance and should have a property not to affect the results of analysis. Use of stainless steel is advised.
All the surfaces should be smooth, there should be no cracks and the corners shold be rounded.
3. Sampling containers
3.1.Properties
Sample containers and covers should be made of such a material and structure so that they will not affect the results of further analysis and studies on the samples, protecting the samples properly. Material may be glass, plastic or metal. Opaque containers should be preferred. Transparent or semitransparent containers containing samples should be stored in dark places. Containers and covers should be clean and dry. The shape and capacity of the containers should be in accordance with the requirements of the product’s sample to be taken.
Disposable plastic containers, containers made of plastics, laminates containing aluminum folio or proper plastic bags may be used as sampling containers by closing in proper procedures. The containers other than plastic bags should be firmly closed with a metal or plastic made screw covers or other proper covers. If required, there should be an air resistant plastic gasket on the cover. All covers and gaskets used should be insoluble, non-absorbent, non-oil permeable and have properties not to affect the odor, aroma, specifications and structure of the samples. Coating material of the covers should be made of material that resist odor permeability or coated.
4. Sampling technique
Sample container should immediately be closed after taking the sample.
5. Storing samples
It is suggested for sample storage temperatures not to exceed 25°C. Samples should not be left at higher temperatures for a long time.
6. Transportation of samples
Samples should be brought to the laboratory as soon as possible. This period should not exceed 24 hours. Necessary measures should be taken during transportation in order to prevent exposing the samples to foreign odors, direct sunlight and temperature over 25° C.
ANNEX-II
Sampling Methods and Probes
I. Section : Sampling Methods
Method 1: Method of Sampling from Partially Condenced Milks
1. Area and purpose of Application
This method defines method of sampling from condenced high fat whole milk, condenced whole milk, condenced semi skimmed milk, condenced skimmed milk, sweetened condenced whole milk, sweetened condenced semi skimmed milk, sweetened condenced skimmed milk.
2. Equipment
2.1. General
The sampling equipment specified in Article 2 of general rules of Annex-I.
2.2. Pistons and mixers
Pistons and mixers to mix large amounts of liquids should have sufficient space to ensure mixing of the product without developing bitter aroma. Pistons should be such that they will not scratch the inner surfaces of the product containers while mixing.
Materials should comply with the specifications explained in Article 2 of general principles of Annex-I.
Piston sizes proposed for mixing liquids in the containers should comply with the sizes given in Figure 1. There should be six holes each having 12.5 mm diameter, on 100 mm diameter circular section of a disc having 150 mm diameter. Disc should be connected to the metal bar at the center, and the other end should have a handle in the form of loop. The length of the metal bar should be about 1 meter including the handle.
Piston sizes to be used in the small tanks should comply with the sizes given in Figure 2. There should be twelve holes each having 30 mm diameter, on 230 mm diameter circular section of a disc having 300 mm diameter. The bar with a length of not less than 2 meters should be connected to the center of this disc.
To mix the liquids in large volume tanks, mechanical mixing or mixing with clean compressed air is suggested. Minimum air pressure and volumes should be used in order to prevent bitter aroma.
Note: With the expression of clean compressed air herein, clean air is described that does not include every sort of polluting impurities like oil, water and dust.
2.3. Mixer
Mixers are shaped as with wide opening, in sufficient depth for reaching the bottom of the product container, preferably one end proper to the shape of container, and are shown in Figure 3.
2.4. Ladles
The shapes and dimensions of the ladles used to collect samples are shown in Figure 4. Ladle should be placed on a strong handle in a length of minimum 150 mm. Ladle should have a minimum capacity of 50 mL. Handle section of the ladle should be inclined. Ladles should be so shaped to enable fitting one in another.
2.5. Bar
It should be circular, about 1 meter long and 35 mm in diameter.
2.6. Container
Container should have wide opening and 5 L capacity, for collecting sub-samples.
2.7. Spoon or Spatula
Should have wide opening.
2.8. Sampling Containers
Sampling containers should comply with Article 3 of general principles of Annex-1.
3. Procedure
3.1. Sampling method from partially condenced milk
Samples should be collected not less than 200 g.
3.1.1. The product should be mixed well by means of pistons, proper mixers by mechanical agitation, transferring from one container to another or by using clean compressed air.
Sample is collected just after mixing with ladle. If it seems difficult to obtain sufficient homogeneity, sample is collected from different sections of the product container, with total amount being not less than 200 g. In the sampling report, it should be stated whether the sample is a mixture of sub-samples or not.
3.1.2. Sampling method from the products packaged in small retail containers
Samples are collected from unopened and undamaged packages. As representing the sample, one or more packages are collected from the same consignment being not less than 200 g.
3.2. Sampling method from partially condenced sweetened milk
3.2.1. General
It may be difficult to collect samples from the containers containing partially condenced sweetened milk, especially if the product is not homogeneous and sticky. While collecting samples, problems may be faced due to presence of lactose or saccharose crystals, precipitation of various salts formed in the product’s structure or sticking of them on the walls or due to lumpy structures. Such occurrences can be realized by immersing a sample bar into the product container and retrieving after moving it about inside the container while touching as much space as possible. If the sugar crystals are not wider than 6 mm, then no problem will be faced in this respect during sampling operation. If the product is not homogeneous, this matter should be indicated on the labels and in the report. Since the sweetened condenced milk is mostly stored in atmospheric temperature, the products are suggested to be brought to a temperature not lower than 20° C in order to obtain a sample that represents the mass well enough.
3.2.2. Procedure
Samples should be collected not less than 200 g.
a- Open containers:
Containers should be cleaned and dried well. In order to prevent falling of impurities into the container while opening the cover, it is opened from the edge. Content of the container is mixed with mixers shown in Figure 3. The product pieces stuck on bottom of the container and the sidewalls are scraped out and cleaned. The product is mixed in circular and vertical motions by means of a mixer immersed transversely, for instance by preventing intake of air. The mixer is removed and stuck condenced milk is transferred into a 5 liter container by means of a spoon or spatula. Mixing and removing operation is repeated until 2-3 liter is collected. This procedure continues until the product is homogeneous and samples of an amount not less than 200 g is collected.
b- Closed barrels with one or more side outlets:
Due to the reasons explained in 3.2.1., sampling through the outlets is appropriate only for the condenced milks easily flowing and in homogeneous density. A bar should be inserted through the outlet hole, the product be mixed and after mixing in multi directions as much as possible, the bar should be retrieved and sample be collected as explained in 3.2.1. Alternatively, insiders may be transferred to a proper container, here care should be taken to remove maximum amount of material from the barrel as much as possible. After mixing with a mixer, the sample should be collected as in 3.2.1.
3.2.3. Sampling method of the products packaged in small retail containers
Unopened and undamaged package is got as a sample. As representing the product, one or more packages are selected from the same consignment being not less than 200 g.
3.3. Protection, storage and transportation of the samples
The rules that are indicated in Articles 5 and 6 of general principles of Annex-1 should be obeyed.
Method 2: Sampling of Milk Products in Powder Form
1. Area and purpose of application
This method covers sampling procedure for chemical analysis of whole milk powder with high fat content, whole milk powder, semi skimmed milk powder, skimmed milk powder.
2. Equipment
2.1. General
The sampling equipments explained in Article 2 of general principles of Annex-1 are used.
2.2. Probes
It should be so long as to reach the bottom of the product container. The probes that compling with the specifications indicated in section 2 of Annex-2 are to be used.
2.3. Ladle, spoon or wide-opening spatula
2.4. Sample containers
The sample containers that are explained in Article3 of general principles of Annex-1 are to be used.
3. Procedure
3.1. General
Measures should be taken to avoid the change of moisture content of the product during and before sampling. The container should be closed immediately after sampling.
3.2. Procedure
3.2.1. Sampling
The sample should be collected not less than 200 grams. Dry and clean probe is immersed in the product whereas open end is rotated downward, in proper rate, container as inclined on one side if necessary. Once the probe reaches the bottom, it is turned 180 degrees, retrieved and product is poured into the sample container. Sample, in an amount not less than 200 g, should be collected by tripping one or more probes from the same consignment. Sampling container should immediately be closed as soon as sampling procedure is complete.
3.2.2. Sampling method from the products packaged in small retail containers
An unopened and undamaged package is collected as sample. As representing the sample, one or more packages are collected from the same consignment being not less than 200 g.
3.2.3. Preservation, storage and transportation of the samples
The rules that are indicated in Articles 5 and 6 of general principles of Annex-1 are to be obeyed.
Section II: Probes to be used in Sampling of Milk Products in Powder
1. Probe Types
Type A : Long, Figure 5
Type B : Short, Figure 5
2. Materials
Stem and opening section of the probe should be made of metal, preferably stainless steel. Handle of the long type should preferably be made of stainless steel. The short type probe should have removable plastic or wooden handle. Opening part of it should be sharp.
3 Properties
3.1. The probe should be made of such material to enable easy cleaning.
3.2. Bulge section of the long type probe knife should be sharp enough to serve as scraper.
3.3. Knife-edge should be sufficiently sharp so as to facilitate sampling.
4. Main dimensions
The probes should fit the sizes given in Table 1. There may be 10% difference in these sizes.
Table 1: Dimensions of long and short type probes
| Type A Long (mm) | Type B Short (mm) | |
| Length of face of the knife | 800 | 400 |
| Thickness of metal face | 1-2 | 1-2 |
| Inner diameter of knife face at the end | 18 | 32 |
| Inner diameter of opening at the stem and handle | 22 | 28 |
| Width of fissure at the end | 4 | 20 |
| Width of fissure at the stem and handle | 14 | 14 |
5. Notes on the use of probes
5.1. The probes may be placed vertically for the particles rather difficult to flow. A type probes completely fill up by rotating as described and retrieved vertically. B type probes fill up completely during insertion, but they are required to be retrieved in inclined position to prevent pouring down at the lower end.
5.2. For easily flowing particles, the container should be inclined on one side, the probes holding almost horizontal should be inserted as the fissure staying downwards and retrieved as the fissure upwards.
Figure 1: Pistons proposed for containers (dimensions given in mm.)
Figure 2: Pistons proper for small tanks
Figure 3: Mixer proper for sweetened condenced milks
Figure 4: Ladle proper for liquids, with minimum capacity 50 mL and stem min. 500 mm
Figure 5: Milk powder probes (dimensions given in mm)