T.C.
TARIM ve KÖYÝÞLERÝ BAKANLIÐI
Koruma ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü
Communiqué on Extraction Solvents Used in the Production of Foodstuffs and Food Ingredients
Authorization Law: Turkish Food Codex
The Official Gazette: 13.02.2002-24670
Communication No : 2002/9
The Official Gazette: 17.12.2003 –25319
Objective
Article 1- The objective of this Communiqué is to lay down the appropriate maximum residue limits and requirements for the extraction solvents used in the production of foodstuffs and/or food ingredients.
Scope
Article 2- The provisions of the present Communiqué covers the extraction solvents to be used in the production of foodstuffs, food ingredients, food additives, vitamins and other nutritional additives, the utilization requirements and maximum residuelimits of which are given in the ANNEX.
Legal Basis
Article 3- The present Communiqué has been prepared in accordance with the “Turkish Food Codex Regulation” published in Official Gazette, dated 16.11.1997 and reiterated number 23172.
Definitions
Article 4- For the purposes of this Communiqué;
a) Solvent; means any substance for dissolving a foodstuff or any component thereof, including any contaminant present on or in that foodstuff;
b) Extraction solvent; means a solvent which used in an extraction procedure during the processing of raw materials, of foodstuffs, or of components or ingredients of these products and which is removed but which may result in the unintentional, but technically unavoidable, presence of residues or derivatives in the foodstuff or food ingredient.
Criteria for Extraction Solvents
Article 5- The criteria for the extraction solvents that are in the scope of this Communiqué are specified below:
a) The substances and materials specified as extraction solvents shall not contain a toxicologically dangerous amount of any elements of substance.
b) They shall satisfy the specific purity criteria determined in the ANNEX.
c) Those that show exceptional deviation from the specific purity criteria determined in the ANNEX shall not contain more than 1 mg/kg of arsenic or more than 1 mg/kg of lead.
d) Water, the acidity or alkalinity of which has been adjusted, other foodstuffs which possess solvent properties and ethanol may be used as extraction solvents in the manufacture of foodstuffs or food ingredients.
Packaging and labelling-marking
Article 6- The package labels of the extraction solvents which are specified within the scope of the Communiqué and which are to be used in the substances and foodstuffs shall carry the following information in such a way as to be easily visible, clearly legible and indelible:
a) The commercial name as given in the ANNEX,
b) A clear indication that the material is of a quality suitable for use for the extraction of food or food ingredients,
c) A reference by which the batch or lot may be identified,
d) The name or business name and address of the manufacturer or the packer or the seller
e) The net quantity given as units of volume
f) If necessary, the special storage conditions or conditions of use.
It is mandatory that in connection with the sales of the extraction solvents, the criteria specified in this section be easily seen and understood by the customers and all other measures be taken to inform the purchaser.
Special provisions
Article 7- In the present Communiqué, the special provisions to be executed are as follows:
a) Substances and compounds, the maximum residue limits of which and the conditions of use of which are given in the ANNEX, are authorised to be used as extraction solvents in the manufacture of foodstuffs and food ingredients.
b) Until the publication of the Communiqués on substances used diluting and dissolving flavourings, these substances are allowed to be used in extraction of natural flavourings as solvents.
Methods of sampling and analysis
Article 8- In taking samples from the foodstuffs and food ingredients, from the production line, storage and sales premises the provisions laid down in the related section of the Turkish Food Codex Regulation shall be complied with. The sample shall be analysed in accordance with internationally accepted methods.
Registration and inspection
Article 9- Premises using, producing and selling the extraction solvents used in the manufacture of foodstuffs and food ingredients shall comply with the provisions of this Communiqué during registry, authorisation and importation procedures and control and inspection. Legal action shall be taken for those who do not comply with these provisions, in accordance with the provisions of the Bye-Law, having the force of law, No 560, on Production, Consumption and Inspection of Foodstuffs.
Control
Article 10- The provisions of this Communiqué are controlled by the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in accordance with the Decree Law, No 560, on Production, Consumption and Inspection of Foodstuffs.
Compliance with European Union
Article 11- This Communiqué has been prepared within the framework of compliance with the European Union, taking into consideration the Council Directive, No 88/344/EEC, on “Extraction Solvents Used in the Production of Foodstuffs and Food Ingredients.
Provisional Article 1- Establishments currently active in using, producing and selling the products that are within the scope of this Communiqué are obliged to obey the provisions of this Communiqué within 2 years.
Enforcement
Article 12- This Communiqué enters into force on the date of publication.
Execution
Article 16 – The provisions of this Communiqué are executed by the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Minister of Health.
ANNEX
Extraction Solvents which may Be Used the Processing of Raw Materials, of Foodstuffs, of Food Components or of Food Ingredients
Part 1.: Extraction solvents shall be in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practise for all uses.
Name:
Propane
Butane
Ethyl acetate
Ethanol
Carbon dioxide
Acetone (the use of acetone in the refining of olive-pomace oil is forbidden.)
Nitrous oxide
An extraction solvent is considered as being used in compliance with good manufacturing practice if its use results only in the presence of residues or derivatives technically unavoidable quantities presenting no danger to human health.
Part 2.: Conditions of use for extraction solvents
| Name | Conditions of use (summary description of extraction) | Maximum residue limits in the extracted foodstuff or food ingredient |
| Hexane (1) | Production or fractionation of fats and oils and production of cocoa butter Preparation of defatted protein products and defatted flours Preparation of defatted cereal germs |
1 mg/kg in the fat or oil or cocoa butter 10 mg/kg in the food containing the defatted protein products and the defatted flours 30 mg/kg in the defatted soya products as sold to the final consumer 5 mg/kg in the defatted cereal germs |
| Methyl acetate | Decaffeination of, or removal of irritants and bitterings from coffee and tea Production of sugar from molasses |
20 mg/kg in the coffee or tea 1 mg/kg in the sugar |
| Ethyl methyl ketone (2) | Fractionation of fats and oils Decaffeination of, or removal of irritants and bitterings from coffee and tea |
5 mg/kg in the fat or oil 20 mg/kg in the coffee or tea |
| Dichloromethane | Decaffeination of, or removal of irritants and bitterings from coffee and tea | 2 mg/kg in the roasted coffee and 5 mg/kg in the tea |
| Propan-1-ol | For all uses | 10 mg/kg |
| Methanol | For all uses | 10 mg/kg |
(1)Hexane: means a commercial product consisting essentially of acrylic saturated hydrocarbons containing six carbon atoms and distilling between 64 ºC and 70 ºC. The combined use of Hexane and Ethylmethylketone is forbidden.
(2)The presence of n-hexane in this solvent should not exceed 50mg/kg. This solvent may not be used in combination with Hexane.
Part 3.: Extraction solvents for which conditions of use are specified:
| Name | Maximum residue limits in the foodstuff due to the use of extraction solvents in the preparation of flavourings from natural flavouring materials (mg/kg) |
| Diethyl ether Hexane Cyclohexane Methyl acetate Butan-1-ol Butan-2-ol Ethylmethyl ketone Dichloromethane Propan-1-ol 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane |
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.02 1 0.02 |
1. The combined use of Hexane and Ethylmethyl Ketone is forbidden.
Official Gazette: 17.12.2003 –25319
Communiqué on Amendment in the Communiqué on the Turkish Food Codex- Extraction Solvents Used in the Production of Foodstuffs and Food Ingredients
(Communiqué No: 2003/41)
ARTICLE 1 — An Article 11 under the title “Legislation Cancelled in Effect”, placed following Article 10 in the Turkish Food Codex - Communiqué on Extraction Solvents Used in the Production of Foodstuffs and Food Ingredients, published in the Official Gazette No 24670, dated 13/02/2002, and the other articles have been changed accordingly.
“Legislation Cancelled in Effect”
Article 11 — With the present Communiqué, the Hexane Standard (as used in Foodstuffs) TS 1946, published in the Official Gazette No 15605, dated 03/06/1976, has been cancelled from mandatory implementation.
ARTICLE 2 —This Communiqué enters into force on the date of publication.
ARTICLE 3 —The provisions of this Communiqué are executed by the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Minister of Health.